The natural high alumina raw material is bauxite, and the refractory industry is usually called high alumina bauxite. The so-called bauxite is diaspore or a mixture of boehmite and gibbsite. my country is rich in bauxite resources, with more than 96% of reserves distributed in Shanxi, Guizhou, Henan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Shandong, Yunnan and other provinces. Most are diaspore-type bauxite, and some are boehmite-type bauxite, such as Chenxi in Hunan, Guangyuan in Sichuan and other places, a small part are gibbsite-type bauxite, such as Fujian, Some places in Guangdong.
Due to the genesis of the deposit and the occurrence of geological conditions, natural bauxite is not a single diaspore, and often coexists with other minerals. Most of the bauxite in my country are diaspore-kaolinite type, and some are boehmite-kaolinite type ore. The chemical formula of monohydrate (soft) bauxite is Al2O3·H2O, and the kaolinite is Al2O3·2SO2·2H2O. Therefore, the characteristics of bauxite in my country are high aluminum (high content of Al2O3) and high silicon (high content of SiO2) , Low iron (with low Fe2O3), belongs to insoluble bauxite, can not directly use the advanced Bayer process to produce alumina for aluminum smelting industry, but more suitable for use as a refractory material. And some foreign bauxites (most of them are gibbsite type with high Fe2O3) more than 90% are used in aluminum smelting industry. Natural bauxite is still mixed with rutile, dikaiite, limonite, hematite, etc. Its chemical composition is in addition to Al2O3, as well as SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, MgO, K20, Na2O, etc. The materials are all impurities. Often in the same ore layer, the same section, the ore grades vary greatly.
The general rule of bauxite ore grade distribution is that the reserves of low grade are large, and the reserves of special grade are the least. According to the literature], the special grade and Ⅰ grade products only account for 15% to 20% of the total reserves. In addition, my country's high-bauxite bauxite mines are all artificially mined, and private mining is very serious. Due to the good selection of mines, many bauxite mines are already full of holes. Therefore, there are fewer and fewer high-grade aluminum ore, which is a very prominent problem of high-alumina refractory raw materials.
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